Castra apud Caparcotna
About
Legio II Traiana Fortis was raised by Trajan c. 101-105 CE for the Dacian Wars and fought in his Parthian campaign (114-117). Multiple sources place it 'in Iudaea, to ensure peace' specifically in 117 CE, immediately after the Kitos War/Jewish diaspora revolt (115-117) — i.e. present in the same province, and very plausibly the same Jezreel Valley camp at Caparcotna/Legio, as VI Ferrata (see that entry) during this transitional year. GENUINE UNCERTAINTY: the legion's permanent post-117 home was Nicopolis near Alexandria, Egypt, but sources disagree on whether it arrived there by c. 119-120 or only by 125 CE. Pinned here at the Judaean camp for the 117 CE snapshot specifically, distinct from its later Egyptian base (not shown, since it postdates 117).
What happened here
A legionary fortress holds five thousand men and is laid out to the same plan everywhere, so a transferred soldier knows his way around on the first day. Two main streets cross at the headquarters building, where the standards and the pay chest are kept in a sunken strongroom under guard. Around it: the commander's house with a courtyard garden, granaries raised on stone piers, a hospital, workshops, and long barrack blocks divided into rooms for eight men who cook and mess together. Training is daily, and building work is constant — soldiers make their own bricks, tiles and boots. A civilian town grows against the walls, with bars, traders and the unofficial families of men who are not legally allowed to marry.
Sources
Roman Maps shows the empire frozen at 11 August 117 CE, the day Trajan died — its moment of greatest territorial extent. Explore the full map →