Vindobona
About
Legio X Gemina, long stationed at Noviomagus (Nijmegen) in Germania Inferior (71-103 CE), was transferred east to Aquincum in 103 CE and then to a new permanent fortress at Vindobona (Vienna) in 114 CE, where it remained the garrison through 117 CE and for centuries afterward, anchoring the Danube frontier opposite the Marcomanni and Quadi.
What happened here
A legionary fortress holds five thousand men and is laid out to the same plan everywhere, so a transferred soldier knows his way around on the first day. Two main streets cross at the headquarters building, where the standards and the pay chest are kept in a sunken strongroom under guard. Around it: the commander's house with a courtyard garden, granaries raised on stone piers, a hospital, workshops, and long barrack blocks divided into rooms for eight men who cook and mess together. Training is daily, and building work is constant — soldiers make their own bricks, tiles and boots. A civilian town grows against the walls, with bars, traders and the unofficial families of men who are not legally allowed to marry.
In ancient writing
- Aurelius Victor, De Caesaribus 16.12
Aurelius Victor states that Marcus Aurelius died at Vindobona in 180 CE — though other ancient authors instead give Sirmium, so the site of his death is itself disputed among ancient sources.
Sources
Roman Maps shows the empire frozen at 11 August 117 CE, the day Trajan died — its moment of greatest territorial extent. Explore the full map →