Pantheum
About
In 117 CE the original Agrippan Pantheon still stood on this site — the present rotunda was rebuilt by Hadrian c. 118–125, so the temple visible in 117 is Agrippa's rectangular predecessor.
What happened here
The building itself is a house for the god, and most people never go inside. Everything public happens on the steps and at the altar in front: an animal led up, examined, killed cleanly, its organs read, the meat divided and eaten. The priest covers his head and a flute player keeps up a noise so no ill-omened word is heard. Worshippers leave what they can afford — a terracotta figure, a coin, a model of the body part they want healed — and the accumulated clutter is periodically cleared and buried on site. On festival days the doors are opened and the cult statue is dressed, garlanded, and sometimes carried out through the streets. The temple also holds money, which is why towns keep their treasury in one.
In ancient writing
- Cassius Dio, Roman History 53.27.2
On Agrippa's building of 25 BCE and the argument over the name — either because it held images of many gods, or because its vault resembles the heavens.
Sources
Roman Maps shows the empire frozen at 11 August 117 CE, the day Trajan died — its moment of greatest territorial extent. Explore the full map →