Murus Coloniae Agrippinensis
About
A stone fortification circuit roughly 4 kilometers around, with at least nine gates and nineteen round towers, enclosing the colonia Rome founded in 50 CE. Builders raised it around 89–91 CE, late in the 1st century. By 117 CE it defined the full built-up extent of the city.
What happened here
A town wall is a claim as much as a defence. It is faced in stone, cored with rubble and concrete, and pierced by gates that are more decorated than the rest of it put together. Towers project so that anyone at the base can be shot from the side. In most of the empire in this century the walls are old, unmanned, and half built over — shops lean against them and houses are cut into them — because the frontier is a long way off and the danger is not here. On the frontier itself a wall is something else entirely: a continuous barrier with ditches, gates at intervals, patrol tracks and manned turrets, built to control movement rather than to stop an army.
Sources
Roman Maps shows the empire frozen at 11 August 117 CE, the day Trajan died — its moment of greatest territorial extent. Explore the full map →