Praetorium Coloniae Agrippinensis
About
The residence and administrative seat of the governor of Germania Inferior, its remains — including a sewer system and a 1st-century staircase found in recent excavations — lie beneath Cologne's city hall. Built originally as army headquarters for the Lower Rhine command, it became the governor's palace once Germania Inferior was formally organized as a province in 83 or 84 CE. It was still the seat of provincial government in 117 CE.
What happened here
The public rooms are enormous and the private ones are not. A visitor is walked through an audience hall built to make him feel small, waits with everyone else, and is admitted in order of usefulness. Behind that front, the household runs on hundreds of slaves and freedmen with narrow specialities — one for the lamps, one for the silver, one who remembers names. The kitchens are far from the dining rooms, so food arrives warm at best. Business never stops: petitions from provincial towns, judicial appeals, dispatches read aloud while the emperor is being shaved. Gardens and fountains take up as much ground as the buildings, because being able to waste that much space in a crowded city is the point.
Sources
Roman Maps shows the empire frozen at 11 August 117 CE, the day Trajan died — its moment of greatest territorial extent. Explore the full map →